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IV It is
agreed among most of the Muslim scholars that the person who
sees the new moon of the first of Ramadhan alone must
fast. But if he saw the moon of the first of Shawaal alone,
according to Malik b. Anas and Abu Hanifah, he must not break
his fast. Ibadhi scholars, Shafi'i and Abu Bakr b. al-Mundhir
held the opinion that he should break his fast, but Ibadhis
stated that he must do that in secret, so that the Muslims will
not be obliged to declare (baraah) from him.174
Careful
examination of Ibadhi Jurisprudence may lead to further examples
of this nature.
I. Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., Ms II, 2; Ibn Manzur, Lisan
al-Arab, Bulaq, 1307 H., XX, 287-97
2. Abu
al-Rabi Sulaiman b. Yakhlaf, Tuhaf., 4b; Malshuti,
Jahalat., Ms. 41; Abu Ammar Abd al-Kafi, Sharh al-Jahalat.,
Ms. 58b; al-Sufi, Uthman b. Khalifah, Sualat., Ms.
108; Ahmad b. Bakr, Masail al-tawhid., Ms. 4; Jitali, op.
Cit., II, 2.
3. Amr b.
Jumai, Aqidat al-tawhid., Cairo, 1353 H., 69.
4.
Shammakhi, Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid., Cairo 1353 H. 64.
5. Ibid.,
83.
6. Ibid.,
48; Imam Aflah b. Abd al-Wahhab, Jawabat., Ms. 2.
7. Ibid,
2.
8.
Talati, Nukhbat al-matin., Ms. 10;
Shammakhi, op.
Cit.,69
9. Talati,
Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid., Cairo, 1353 H., 69.
10. Ahmad b.
Abdullah al-Kindi, K. al-Takhsis, Ms.5.
11. Abu Ammar,
Sharh al-Jahalat., 58b; Jitali, op. Cit., II, I.
12. Shammakhi,
op. Cit., 48.
13. Sulaiman
b. Yakhlaf, Tuhaf, 5b.
14. Al-Kindi,
op. Cit., 5.
15. Jitali,
Qawaid., 47.
16. Abu Ammar,
op. Cit., 58b; al-Kindi, op. Cit., 7; Warijlani, al-Dalil.,
Ms.
17. Al-Kindi,
op. cit., 7;
Salimi, Mashariq.,
347.
18. Qur’an:
LX, 12.
19. Salimi,
op. cit., 347.
20. Al-Jannawani,
al-Wad., 32; Shammakhi, Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid., 74.
21. There is
for example K. al-istiqamah of Abu Said Ahmad b. Said al-Kadmi,
and K. al-Takhsis of Ahmad b. Abdullah al-Kindi.
There is hardly any work on Ibadhi doctrine, which did not
discuss the subject in one way or another. The system is
regarded as one of the main items of (tawhid) and Ibadhi
authors who contributed to this field of study always dealt it
with.
22. Cf. my
“Description of new Ibadhi Mss.,” J.S.S., XV, I, 72-3.
23. Jitali Qawaid.,
40; Salimi, Mashariq., 337-338.
24. Jitali,
op. cit., 5; Shammakhi, op. cit., 64-65.
25. Aflah b
Abd al-Wahhab, Ajwibah., 2-3
26. Amr b.
Jumai,
Aqidat al-tawhid., 72.
27. Jitali,
Qawaid., 39; Salimi,, op. cit., 337-338.
28. Abu Ammar,
al-Mujaz., Ms. 191-97; Jitali, Sharh al-Nuniyah.,
II, 42.
29. Jitali,
Qawaid.,
39; Salimi, op. cit., 337-338.
30. Ibid.,
64; Jitali, Qawaid., 5.
31. Loc.
Cit,; Sharh al-nuniyah., II, 3 ff.
32. Jitali,
Qawaid., 5.
33. Qur’an:
V, 82-85.
34. Qur’an:
XVIII, 10.
35. Qur’an:
XVIII, 13-14
36. Qur’an:
X, 98.
37. Qur’an:
VII, 120 – 122
38. Qur’an:
XXXVI, 20-27
39. Qur’an:
XL, 28
40. Qur’an:
VII, 23. For more detail cf. Jitali, Sharh al-Nuniyah.,
II, 3-4.
41. Salimi,
Mashariq., 343.
42. Qur’an:
IX, 114;
XI, 46; LX 4, 13.
43. Abu
Dawud,
Sunan, II, 523; Tirmidhi, Sunan., IX, 223; Ahmad b. Hanbal,
Musnad, I, 430, 439, 440.
44. Cf.
Guillaume A. The life of Muhammad., 1967, 606; Ibn Hisham,
al-Sirah al-Nabawiyah., editor al-Saqqa and others, II, 524.
45.
Al-Rabi b. Habib, Musnad., II, 92.
46. Al-Qutb,
Sharh al-Nil., IX, 407.
47. Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 12 ff.; Qawaid., 11-12.
48. Shammakhi,
Sharh Aqidat al-tawhid., 72; Jitali, Qawaid., 17;
al-Kindi, K. al-Takhsis., 7-8.
49. shammakhi,
op. cit., 72; Siyar, 228, 232; Wisyani, Siyar., 4.
50. Jitali,
Qawaid., 19; Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 35.
51. Ibid.,
II, 35-36
52. Ibid.,
II, 36; Sufi, Sualat., 201.
53. Jitali,
Qawaid., 18-19.
54. Ibid.,
6; Amr
b. Jumai, Aqidat al-tawhid., 72.
55. Jitali,
op. cit., 6-7; Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 8
56. Ibn
Jumai, Aqidah., 73; Shammakhi, Sharh al-aqidah., 73; Jitali,
Qawaid., 9
57.
Shammakhi, op. cit., 73; Jitali, Qawaid., 9.
58. Ibid.,
10
59. Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 11-12; Qawaid., 9; Sufi,
Sualat., 68-70
60. Jitali,
Qawaid., 10
61. Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 24-26; Qawaid
62. Ibn Hazm,
al-Fisal., IV 191
63. Amrus b.
Fath, al-Radd ala al-Nakithah., Ms. 19-20
64. al-Sufi,
Sualat., 301-310; Jitali, Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 24-26
65. Ibid.,
26-27;
Qawaid., 15-16.
66. Jitali,
Qawaid., 16
67. Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 8; Qawaid., 23.
68. Al-Kindi,
al-Takhsis., 9; Salimi, Mashariq., 341; Jitali,
Sharh al-Nuniyah., II, 9; Shammakhi, Sharh al-Aqidah.,
75.
69. Ibn Jumai,
Aqidat al-tawhid., 75
70. Qur’an:
XXVIII, 40 |
