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VII al-Sakkakiyah
The
followers of Abdullah (Abdallah) al-Sakkak, a jeweller from the
Berber tribe of Lawwatah.235
he lived in Qantrarah, of South Tunisia. On seven points in his
thought he differed from the rest of the Ibadhis.236
i) He
denied the rule of sunnah and personal judgement, and held that
the legal system is to be derived from Quran only.
ii)
Prayers in congregation are an innovation (bidah).
iii)
Calling to prayer (adhan) is an innovation.
iv)
Praying in clothes which contain lice is not permitted.
v) In
prayers, Muslims should recite only the Quranic verses the
interpretation of which they know.
vi) The
grain threshed on a threshing floor is unclean (najas) because
it is mixed with dung, and also vegetables from gardens in which
dung is used are unclean.
This group
was strongly opposed by the Ibadhi scholars and its followers
were regarded as polytheists (mushrikun). It is reported that
the Ibadhis bury the dead of non Ibadhi Muslims in the Islamic
way, but this group would drag them to pits.237
However, the views of this group did not spread outside
Qantrarah, and disappeared completely by the end of the fifth
century H.238
Like the
Sakkakiyah, the disagreement between this present group and the
Wahbi school is mainly on legal points. It was founded by Abu
Sulaiman Ya’qub b. Muhammad b. Aflah, son of the Ibadhi Imam of
Tahert. he lived in Warijlan with his father. His father used
to warn the Ibadhis against his son and told them that he read
the books of Ahmad b. al-Husain.239
After the
death of his father, Abu Sulaiman found the way to deliver legal
opinions, and formulated certain points in which he disagreed
with the Ibadhi school.240
1) Dung
(farth) is unclean (najais), the food which is cooked with
intestines containing (farth) is unclean. It is because of this
opinion the group got its name Farthiyah.
2)
Blood in the veins of the slaughtered animal is unclean, even
after washing the blood of slaughtering part of the neck to
which throat the butcher applies his knife (madhbah), the same
is the case with the blood of the entrails.
3) The
seat of the menstruating woman, and of men and women in the
state of major ritual impurity, is unclean.
4)
Eating the meat of the embryo (janin) of a slaughtered animal is
forbidden.
5)
Zakat is not to be paid except to relatives.
This group
was also strongly opposed by the Wahbi scholars. its founder
died after his followers had built mosques in Warijlan and Tala.241
However, by the end of the sixth century A.H. the group had
vanished completely.242
From the
previous study it appears that the most important Ibadhi group
besides the Wahbiyah is al-Nukkar. All other groups did not
last long, while the Nukkar remained in existence up to the
beginning of this century in Jerba Island, and Zwarah in Libya.
The
historical relation between the two groups was one of hatred and
enmity, wars even occurring between them, though sometimes they
tried to live together in peace.
Those were
Ibadhi groups recognised by Ibadhi authors, but non Ibadhi
sources mention some other groups243 which
were not known to the early Ibadhi sources on North Africa. It
is likely that those groups were founded at the early stage of
the movement in the 'East' and also disappeared early. |
